A Reflective Account of Exam Preparation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

A Reflective Account of Exam Preparation - Essay Example The first step in Gibbs Reflective Cycle is the evaluation of what happened in a situation. Due to a variety of reasons, I usually find that I am doing most of my reading at the time of exam preparation- that is the latter stages of the semester. Compared to the amount of course work, the amount of time I dedicate to the studies is to a large extent not enough. This results in a situation in which I am forced to cram in the last minute rush to cover the entire scope of the course work. Consequently, my exam preparation is riddled with pressure and anxiety and thus reduction in the effectiveness of studying. To remember what one reads, they should go through a process of association, visualization and concentration, which have to be repeated severally in order to get a perfect understanding and recall capacity. Association generally involves linking the items that need to be remembered together in particular fashions or relating them to some of the things you are comfortable with in terms of memory. Visualization complements association through creating images of the items you need to remember basing on things that are familiar to you. Optimal levels of concentration are required for effectiveness to be achieved in terms of recall capacity after studying. Finally, one is required to perform repetition of the association and visualization during study in order to internalize the concepts and ensure they will be able to remember them. Dedicating the least time for my reading is clearly not enough to allow myself to undertake all these steps in their entirety and as a result I am forced to adopt cramming as a last resort method of studying. This has the effect of lowering confidence and causing anxiety, which as shall be seen later does not augur well with the exam preparation. The environment in which I study also forms the context of the event. There is usually music in the background since I prefer studying in my room, besides a host of interferences that make it difficult to concentrate. Montrose (2009) reckons that one’s study space is critical to their ability to study effectively. It should first fit your preference, be without interruptions and be comfortable enough for study. I realize that my best study mode is in a quiet place and without interruptions, two things that my room does not offer. I usually have friends coming over and causing

Moving from organisational employment to self-employment Assignment

Moving from organisational employment to self-employment - Assignment Example Therefore, Deborah and Yasmin’s career could be described as internal, that is, subjectively constructed by the individuals themselves. For instance, in the case of Deborah, she envisioned a career that she would be able to attain professional growth and at the same time provide high-quality medical care and personal attention for her patients. However, after the hospitals became more focused on financial gains than on quality service provision for patients she became disheartened. As a result, she decided to start her own nursing home where she could practice what according to her is ‘real nursing’. Hence, her career decision was based on the feelings, opinion and perspective about the value for high-quality healthcare and personal attention for patients as opposed to business-like healthcare. Similarly, Yasmin did not actually plan where she would work or what she would do, but all she envisioned was a continuous career development process that would involve acq uiring knowledge, a range of skills and experiences, and the applying these to various employment contexts. This is why she got fed up with her position at the local authority when she realized that there was no room for development and enhancement of her career, for example, she felt marginalized and powerless to make any policy changes. Therefore, her decision to go enroll for Masters course and eventually start her own consultancy firm was all based on her feelings and opinion that as an employee of the local authority she was not gaining any professional growth and career achievements. Moreover, she felt deskilled instead of gaining a range of skills, and the reason according to her perspective was that the local authority was highly politicized. Question 2 Career anchor is an individual’s self concept that consists of his/her basic values, talents and abilities, and perception of needs and motives with regard to their career. Schein identified 8 career anchors, which are security, independence, technical-functional competence, entrepreneurial creativity, service to cause, general managerial competence, pure challenge, and finally, lifestyle (Schein, 1996). It is clear these career anchors to some extent apply to Yasmin and Deborah’s accounts. For example, Deborah’s career is driven by service/dedication to cause. This is because she is determined and believes in provision of quality healthcare service, as well as personal attention of patients. Thus, her career is fulfilled by helping and satisfying the needs of other people. Deborah’s career is also driven by independence/autonomy whereby she would prefer to work under her own steam and rules to attain career achievements. Likewise, Yasmin’s career is also driven by Schein’s career anchors to some extent, for example, she could be described as general managerial competence. This is because she is the kind of person who likes to deal with other people, thrives at responsibility and problem-solving. In addition, she values the concept of home-life balance, as well as personal time, thus, her career is driven by lifestyle career anchor. This can be clearly understood by her statement, â€Å"I mean there is work life, and there is the rest of your life, and there are your children† (Gallos, 1989, p.273). Question 3 Gallo’s quote resonates with Yasmin and Deborah’s story because it touches on several aspects that these women encountered during their career life.

Off-loading for the Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulceration

Off-loading for the Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulceration THE ROLE OF OFF-LOADING IN THE PREVENTION OF DIABETIC FOOT ULCERATION INTRODUCTION OF DIABETIC FOOT ULCER In the modern techno-world diabetic foot ulcer is the most common reason of lower extremity amputation which makes it highly essential that ulceration in the foot of a patient with Diabetes mellitus must be taken care of immediately or else it will lead to a more serious condition and the end result will be amputation of the leg. As stated in ‘The Lancet’ an early diagnosis is imminent as this condition has high chances of recurring even after the ulcer is treated but medical intervention can prevent amputation. Health care research has been neglecting the importance of planning and taking adequate prophylactic measures to prevent the onset of diabetic foot ulceration and treatment were being given based on clinical diagnosis and results but more importance was to be given to scientific facts and extensive studies were to be done to assess the root cause of the incidence of diabetic foot and timely measures were to be taken (1). Patients with diabetes have higher chances of getting hospitalized with foot problems and this can only be taken care of by a careful analysis by the family physician during the patients’ routine visits. Simple office tests such as the nylon filament test (2) can be performed in the office so that those patients in the risk category can be identified and prophylactic measures can be taken to prevent the ulcer from forming. This is a simple test wherein the feet are examined and the pressure is applied on certain pressure points in the feet and if the patient is not able to sense the pressure applied then he is considered at risk for developing an ulcer in the region and the doctor advises him to take extra care to prevent the ulcer from forming. In spite of seeking medical help diabetic foot ulcers often develop to more chronic conditions and lack of timely intervention to prevent this condition may lead to amputation of the lower extremities and at times may even be fatal. In a normal individual, when harmful pressure is applied on the feet making it difficult for the person to handle, then the brain sets off a pain alarm (1). But, in the case of diabetic patients, due to excessive nerve damage the sensation of pain is lost and an ulcer forms and this will be noticed only after it is too late to redeem. But, with the advent of technology and medical science off-loading helps in preventing further damages and one has to choose the right kind of off-loading modality that suit’s one’s purpose. Risk Factors for patients suffering from diabetic foot (2) 1. Nerve cell damage hence lack of pain sensation 2. Deformed foot and callus formation 3. Decreased sweating, dry, fissured skin 4. Obesity 5. Limited Joint mobility 6. Poor glucose control leading to unhealed wounds 7. Foot wear issues that can lead to skin breakdown and ulcers 8. History of foot ulcers PREVALENCE Studies conducted in the west of Ireland to assess the prevalence of diabetic foot complications show that almost 4.7% (Institute of Public health in Ireland, 2006) of the population is suffering from the debilitating disease called diabetes and out of which an increasing majority of patients are suffering from developing foot ulcers of which some of them have already undergone lower extremity amputation. Pilot studies conducted among a sizeable number of diabetes population in the west of Ireland shows that they have vascular insufficiency and have neural dysfunction in the feet. These data are to be treated with concern as these prevalent conditions are associated with increased risk of ulceration which left unattended will lead to more irreversible complications (Nather et al, 2008) (3). INCIDENCE The need of podiatric inputs in the field of diabetic foot study is necessary and for this pilot studies, researches, data cumulative study must be done to prevent incidence of diabetic foot complications in the Irish population. Pilot studies conducted on diabetic foot complications in the west of Ireland reveal that pedal neural dysfunction was detected in up to 30% of the screened population and vascular impairment in 17% of those screened (3). With timely intervention and prophylactic measures the case of diabetic foot ulcers can be controlled and with just an initial investment of podiatric clinics across the republic of Ireland the economic impact of growing incidence of diabetic foot ulcers and associated disorders that can lead to downfall of the healthcare system can be reduced and stabilized. COST In developed countries, health care resources account that diabetes-related complications are the most costly and studies conducted at St. James Hospital, Dublin reveal that the annual hospital expenditure on the treatment of diabetic foot ulceration amounted to 74,000 pounds (Smith et al., 2004). In an Irish healthcare setting, the cost of managing diabetic foot ulceration was studied and on screening of thirty patients who were admitted for diabetic foot complications it was revealed that out of the thirty, amputations were performed in eight of the patients and one died with a non-healing ulcer. The net hospital expenditure was 704,000 and an average of 23,489.63 per admission (4). IMPACT According to Dr. Canavan, almost 50% of the people with diabetes who undergo a lower limb amputation are of working age and that HSE was not channeling the financial and human resources in the health system effectively to tackle diabetes. The direct in-patient costs amount to â‚ ¬239 million (4) and this is estimated only for the hospital care and not for the cost of dressings or antibiotics. Taking all of these factors into account it has become of national economic importance to devise a national strategy to manage diabetes so that the healthcare resources need not be spent on preventable complications. Instead the financial resources must be channeled for setting up more diabetic management clinics with podiatric clinical settings and recruitment of diabetic specialists. The theoretical role of off-loading in the case of diabetes mellitus Since a diabetic patient has lost the sensation of pain it becomes difficult for the patient to identify a minor bruise that may develop into an ulcer. Pressure reduction or off-loading is essential for a patient who has just been treated for diabetic foot. Wound care is essential in case of diabetes effective management and off-loading or reducing the pressure plays a significant role in managing the healing process. There are various off-loading modalities such as the total-contact casts (TCC), removable cast walkers (RCW) and half shoes and studies have been conducted to compare the effectiveness to heal neuropathic foot ulcerations in diabetic individuals (5). Although less commonly used than RCW and half shoes the results reveal that TCC is better than the other two off-loading modalities and TCC heals comparatively higher number of wounds in a shorter duration of time (6). Customized therapeutic footwear is manufactured to suit the individual needs taking into account the defor mity and the pressure points. Published studies reveal that TCC are a better option compared to other modalities but clinical skill is essential for its application (7). But another factor that is to be taken into consideration is that removable cast walkers enable daily wound inspection and timely care for the wound which is difficult in the former modality. However, one can conclude that wounds on the posterior heal cannot be treated with TCC although it has significant healing percentage. The best feature of RCW is paradoxically its disadvantage (8). Since this is removable it has the disadvantage of forced adherence which is taken care of by TCC which makes it a better alternative to treat neuropathic foot. Evidence of Impact of off-loading High risk diabetic feet is often prone to deformities and offloading of these feet is essential to prevent its recurrence. Diabetic foot ulcer has high chances of recurring even after healing if proper care is not taken to prevent its occurrence. The diabetic feet has certain high risk locations and research on clinical trials by Arts et al. show that highest success rates were seen at previous ulceration areas and Charcot feet whereas forefoot deformities showed the lowest success rates. Studies comparing the effectiveness of RCW and instant TCC showed comparable results in the healing of foot ulcers. In this study it was concluded that a significantly higher proportion of people using the TCC healed faster when compared to those using the RCC. Pressure reduction using the advancement in medical technology will be the corner stones of treatment so that lower extremity amputations can be avoided (9). Discussion Studies reveal that Ireland has the minimum number of podiatrists and hence effective management of diabetes foot is not possible. Effective measures must be taken to ensure that more qualified medical professionals specializing in this field must be recruited and diabetic foot clinics are set up where clinical tests like nylon filament tests are conducted for patients during their routine check-up in order to ensure that they are not at risk and counseling must be provided to create their awareness about foot ulcers and the risk factors associated with lower extremity amputation. According to the present scenario the current national and international guidelines (NICE, 2004; IDF, 2009; SIGN, 2010) advise that diabetic patients must receive a comprehensive annual foot examination and this must be done on a regular basis. Conclusion A team approach by the family physician and relatives is essential to creating a general awareness for the patient to improve foot hygiene and nail care. In addition to this the patient must understand that routine checkups are necessary and the doctor must also perform frequent foot examinations during the routine visits. Early detection is the key to controlling the incidence of this condition and ensuring the medical practitioners take adequate measures to do a routine examination during every hospital visit. Effective management of diabetic foot ulceration has a positive economic impact on the Irish health care budget and the health care system must take preventive measures to provide prophylactic care to diabetic patients and effective measures to educate the patients about pedal hygiene and its importance. Taking into account the importance of podiatry input in effective management of diabetic foot the manpower deficit in the country of Ireland must be accounted for and fullâ⠂¬â€œtime podiatrists (90-100) must be assigned to the country to manage diabetes related complications. REFERENCES William JJ and Prof Keith JH. Diabetic foot Ulcers. The Lancet 2003; 361: 1545–51. David GA and Lawrence A.L. Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Prevention, Diagnosis and Classification. Am Fam Physician 1998; 57(6): 1325-32. Sarah et al. Prevalence of Diabetic foot complication in the West of Ireland: A pilot study. The Diabetic Foot Journal 2010; 13(2):82-91. Smith D, Cullen MJ and Nolan JJ. The cost of managing diabetic foot ulceration in an Irish hospital. Irish Journal of Medical Science 2004; 173(2): 89-92. Adler AI, Boyko EJ, Ahroni JH and Smith DJ. Lower-extremity amputation in diabetes. E independent effects of peripheral vascular disease, sensory neuropathy and foot ulcers. http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/24/6/1019.full Gerit M, David A, Susie S. Standard, Appropriate, and Advanced Care and Medical Legal Considerations: Part one – Diabetic Foot Ulcerations. Wounds 2003:15(4) Armstrong DG, Lavery LA. Evidence-based options for offloading diabetic wounds. Clin Podiatr Med Surg 1998; 15:95-104 Stephanie W and David A. Managing the diabetic foot: treatment, wound care and off-loading techniques. Diabetes Voice 2005; 50 (Special Issue):29-32. Armstrong DG, Lavery LA, Wu S, Boulton AJ. Evaluation of removable and irremovable cast walkers in the healing of diabetic foot wounds: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 551-4.

So Long A Letter by Mariama Ba and Blood Wedding by Frederico Garcia Lo

"So Long A Letter" by Mariama Ba and "Blood Wedding" by Frederico Garcia Lorca Thesis: Characters that cause immense pain to another, especially to their consorts, succumb to death in the texts So Long A Letter and Blood Wedding by Mariama Bà ¢ and Federico Garcà ­a Lorca respectively. Death is one aspect of life that prevents a person from being invincible. It is one of the inevitable occurrences that a man has to yield to. In the texts So Long A Letter and Blood Wedding by Mariama Bà ¢ and Federico Garcà ­a Lorca respectively, death is a poignant theme that has prevailed throughout the course of the text. The question is whether the deaths of characters in these texts are deserved, and devised by the authors due to the immense pain dispensed by these characters to their consorts. Firstly, So Long A Letter by Mariama Bà ¢ which is a letter cum diary from Ramatoulaye to her best friend Aissatou depicts the series of events that have taken place in the past, mainly portraying the lamentation of three women (Ramatoulaye, Aissatou and Jacqueline) due to their husbands’ lack of commitment. Moreover, this text outlines the Senegalese way of living and how the Muslim society accepts polygamy readily. As we read the text, we are introduced to Modou Fall, the husband to Ramatoulaye, who died of an unknown cause. In my opinion, his death was destined due to the everlasting pain he dispensed to his wife. This is because of his â€Å"abrupt decision to take a second wife† and his abandonment of his family. This was a very appalling situation as Modou walked out on Ramatoulaye and his twelve children to go and improve relations with a girl the age of his daughter. Although he married her committing polygamy which was sanc... ...trated mood the Mother is in since she has lost all her family members now including her ultimate hope of survival: her son, the Bridegroom. Accordingly, I perceive that the Bridegroom deserved to die as he dispensed pain and grief not only to the Bride but also to his mother. All in all, we have seen that the statement ‘characters that cause immense pain to another, especially to their consorts, succumb to death’ is apt. Moreover, it can be learnt form this piece of work that the consequence of the action you perform will be commensurate to the intensity of that action. Therefore, Modou Fall, Leonardo and the Bridegroom all deserved to succumb to death. Last but not the least, it can be noted that all the characters that cause immense pain to others in both the texts are the male characters while the recipients of such pain are the female characters.

Examination – Advantages & Disadvantage

Eating/Drinking: Establishment Name (egg. Lotus Restaurant) Type of establishment (Restaurant/Cafe/Bar/Pub/Tavern) Timings Dcord (interiors, theme, lighting, ambiance) Cuisine Served Conference/Banquet Rooms: Conference Rooms Room Size (square feet)Facilities Available (secretarial services, audio-visual equipment) Other Details: 24-hour front desk Air-condition public areas Airport transport- surcharge Airport transportation free Arcade/game room ATM/banking Audio-visual equipment Banquet facilities Bar/lounge Barbecue grill(s) Suitable for children Beauty Services Breakfast services Casino Catering Babysitting or child care Business center Cell phone rental Clubhouse Coffee shop or cafe Complimentary Newspapers Complimentary breakfast Computer rental Spa services nearby Spa services on site – Free Golf camps GardensConcierge Boating Dance performances Travel counter Swimming pool Library Safari Book Shop Night club Luggage storage Backup generator Jacuzzi Wedding services Tr anslation services Currency exchange Doorman Elevator/lift Exhibit space Express check-in/check-out Fireplace in lobby Fitness equipment Floor butler Front desk Full-service health spa Gift shops or newsstand Grocery Health club Internet access-complementary Internet access-dial-up Internet access-high-speed Internet access-surcharge Internet access-wireless Laundry facilities Limousine service available Marina on siteMassage-treatment room(s) Medical services Meeting room(s) small groups Microwave in lobby Multilingual staff Nightclub Number of floors Parking(free) Parking(secure) Parking(surcharge) Parking(valet) Parking garage Parking nearby Patio-property Picnic area Pool Table Poolside Bar Porter/bellhop Private beach Restaurant Room service Room service(24 hours) Room service(limited hours) Safe deposit box-front desk Sauna Secretarial services Security guard Shoe shine Shopping on site Ski shuttle Ski storage Ski-in/ski-out Smoke-free property Spa services on site. .

Explain what Jean-Paul Sartre meant by the statement “Man is condemned to be free”. Essay

Jean-Paul Sartre was a French existentialist philosopher and was one of the leading figures in 20th century French philosophy. His major philosophical work, â€Å"Being and Nothingness† and his famous talk, â€Å"Existentialism is a Humanism†, is where he emphasised the statement â€Å"Man is condemned to be free†. The statement appears to be a juxtaposition of language because ‘freedom’ often has positive connotations while ‘condemned’ provides the opposite feeling. Sartre used the term ‘condemned’ as he believed we have no choice in the matter of being free, and being free (even if against our will) means we are responsible for all our actions. Being responsible for our actions – without having a choice about being free to choose – is a form of condemnation. Us having to accept full responsibility for our actions includes us not being able to blame those around us – such as family, teachers and the gov ernment – for our situation. In summary, man is condemned because â€Å"he did not create himself, yet is nevertheless at liberty, and from the moment that he is thrown into this world he is responsible for everything he does† (Kaufmann). In the face of this responsibility, many humans turn to religion. This allows us to feel answerable to a higher being. However, Sartre was not a believer in God; this could be because of the atrocities he witnessed first-hand during the Second World War while serving in the French army. His experiences taught him that â€Å"God is silent in the face of absurdity and horror. Because of this we are condemned to face life alone and with this comes absolute freedom and the chilling responsibility that comes with it.† If God truly doesn’t exist then our actions aren’t really limited by His prophecies, commandments and morals; God cannot legitimise our behaviour, or justify it, or cause it. We are ultimately responsible for our actions with no one to answe r because we have chosen them on our own, out of our freedom. Traditionally, freedom is seen as ‘good’. Sartre on the other hand describes freedom to be a kind of  burden because as God does not exist we are â€Å"without excuse† and we â€Å"can’t find anything to depend on†. Sartre illustrates his belief using the example of the paper cutter. When considering a paper cutter, we would assume that the creator had a plan (an essence) for it. Due to there being no creator of humans, we have no essence. This means that our actions and behaviour cannot be explained by referencing human nature, instead we are necessarily fully responsible for our actions. The essence or nature of a paper cutter is to cut paper; this is the purpose the maker of it had in mind. However, there was no maker or creator of human beings so we can’t refer to what we are meant to do. There is only what we choose to do. â€Å"We are left alone, without excuse.† To decide whether we are or are not â€Å"condemned to be free† it makes sense to decide whether our actions are truly free or if they may in fact be determined. Psychologists such as Sigmund Freud believe our early years have an impact on our future actions. Freud claimed that our moral actions are often caused by repressed or subconscious memories or feelings stemming from childhood. Also, B.F. Skinner said that we cannot be held morally responsible for behaviour determined by our psychological makeup because we could not have chosen to behave differently. Other thinkers, including Thomas Sowell, argue that our actions are in line with our social conditioning. We then follow a sociologically determined path set by our upbringing, education and social groups etc. Libertarianism has the major flaw of not taking into account our experiences when making decisions and when forming our morality. For instance, it is arguable that Sartre believed what he did because of the experiences he had during the war, not because of his freedom. Another valid argument is that genetics determine physical and behavioural aspects of humanity. All of these viewpoints state that humans are not free to choose and our lives and personalities are already determined (by our past experiences, psychological makeup, socialisation and genetics). There is truth in these theories and so they take credit away from Sartre’s belief that â€Å"man is condemned to be free† because they show that there are aspects of our lives where we aren’t free to choose. This means, in addition, that our responsibility is lessened somewhat as some of our actions are already determined for us. On the other hand, Sartre’s ideas are potentially credible. We have all had experiences where the need to choose between multiple actions has caused us emotional turmoil. It is  unlikely that in these s ituations we can avoid having to come to a decision. Although we are free to make this choice, we are in a way forced to make it. So, Sartre’s claim of humans being condemned or damned to be free does not appear so ludicrous. Even when we ask someone for assistance with an ethical dilemma it is not their answer that determines our solution and consequent action. It is our choice to ask them in the first place and usually we already know what they are going to say; we then decide whether to follow their advice. This again shows the extent of our freedom of choice and the lack of determining factors to suppress this ‘condemning’ freedom. In conclusion, Sartre examined the daunting nature of decision making and unlimited freedom. The moral responsibility we have in the case of absolute freedom is crippling and causes great despair. However, this approach could be incorrect because there are aspects of our lives and makeup that influence our behaviour. If an action is determined by factors outside our control, we may no t have the moral responsibility for it. From this viewpoint we are not condemned to freedom but it instead allows us some input into our behaviour and therefore our lives.

Information technology has improved society essays

Information technology has improved society essays The purpose of this essay is to prove that Information Technology (IT) has improved society. I will do this by showing ways that Information Technology has improved safety in society, through the prediction of possible dangers, and as a direct result prevention of injury and loss of life. Society in general is far too broad for the purpose of the essay and must be quantified. For this fact, I have chosen to only look at societies that I consider similar to the one that I live in. I will label them as first world, western societies. Society to me, and for what I believe to be generally accepted, is different groups of people living together. These groups may have different belief systems, values, tastes, religions and so forth, but they all share the same view of reality that determines what they believe to be right and wrong, proper or reprehensible. IT has enabled society to predict imminent disaster and to give enough warning to prevent injury and save lives. The prediction of danger improves safety by warning people who may be exposed to it, and giving emergency services time to prepare when it happens. Through implementation of early warning systems and the use of other IT such as telephone, television, radio and so forth, we are able to warn of the danger and evacuate people in the path of a storm, flood or fire, or warn people of the risk of a tornado. A good example of how IT could have been used to prevent a resulting disaster, was in 1972, Buffalo Creek, West Virginia. A burst dam resulted in a roaring flood, which killed people and destroyed buildings. (Sullivan Today with the use of IT, new methods have been implemented that would avert this kind of danger and resulting loss of life. Data from sensors is feed into computers to monitor water levels and vibrations in dam walls. Satellite images are used to forecast heavy rain that could result in the dam filling quickly. With the use of these...

How Shakespeare Changed the English Language Essays

How Shakespeare Changed the English Language Essays How Shakespeare Changed the English Language Paper How Shakespeare Changed the English Language Paper OOO words, writers did not have the vocabulary to express their thoughts and a new word from another language, often from French but especially from Latin, or one that appeared in both. Between the years 1500 and 1659 there is an estimate that between nouns, verbs, modifiers of Latin, Greek, and modern Romance languages that 30,000 new words were added to the English language. Once Shakespeares plays became popular they helped contribute to the standardization of the English language and his words and phrases became embedded in the language. (A History of English Literature, Fletcher) (A Companion to the History of the English Language, Matto, Riley) Shakespeare transformed English theatre by expanding expectations about what could be accomplished through characterization, plot, language, and genre. Shakespeares characters and play portrayed a wide variety of emotions. In plays like Hamlet, Shakespeare integrated characterization with plot. He also mixed tragedy and comedy together to create a new romantic tragedy genre. Through his soliloquies he showed how plays could explore a characters inner motivations and conflicts. The characters in his plays portray a large variety of emotions. Though he borrowed ideas for his plays from popular sources such as history or fold traditions his closeness to human nature made him great and his closeness with popular thinking gave vitality to his language. He represented the English people as actual people rather than Just as puppets. Shakespeare united the three main streams of literature; verse, poetry, and drama. Through all of these things he completely changed the language giving it the highest expressions, structure, and intensity. He saved the language from vagueness and gave it vividness. His work in poetry and drama marked the beginning of modernizations of the English language by his introduction of words and expressions, style and form to the language. (A philosophical analysis and illustration of some of Shakespeares remarkable haracters Richardson) Shakespeare contributed so much to the English language. One of his greatest contributions was the new vocabulary and phrases that have enriched the English language and along with many of his original phrases are still used today. In all of his work he uses 17,677 words. He was the first to use 1,700 those words. He is known for creating words by borrowing from literature and languages. He created the words by changing nouns into verbs, changing verbs to adjectives, connecting words that had never been used together, and adding prefixes and suffixes. He also helped to urther develop style and structure to a loose and spontaneous language. The Elizabethan era language was written the same way it was spoken. The naturalness gave freedom since there was no formalized grammar binding what they were saying but the lack of prescribed grammatical rules brought vagueness in literature but at the same time also expressed feelings with profound vividness and emotion which created freedom of expression. Shakespeares influence involved using the life of the language and decasyllabic structure in his work. Putting the language together with structure produced a unique combination that is Shakespeare. Words Used by Shakespeare, Shirly, Phoebe) (William Shakespeare: Biography) (A History of English Literature, Fletcher) Shakespeares blank verse is one of the most important of all his influences on the way the English language was mistakes. Through experimentation of tri-syllabic substitution and decasyllabic rule he developed the blank verse to perfection and introduced a new style. His adaptation of free speech rhythm to the fixed blank-verse framework is an outstanding feature of his poetry. Words Used by Shakespeare, Shirly, Phoebe) He introduced in poetry two main factors, verbal immediacy and the moulding of stress o the movement of living emotion. When my love swears that she is made of truth, I do believe her, though I know she lies. †(Sonnet CXXXVIII) In the sonnet above, he has expressed in very simple words complex and even contradictory attitudes to a single emotion. (Words Used by Shakespeare, Shirly, Phoebe) Shakespeare has been an influence in so many areas of theatre and literature but he has also been a major influence on many big novelists in European and American literature. For example Charles Dickens uses many of Shakespeares quotations throughout his writings and many of his titles have come from Shakespeare. Herman Melvillie used of Shakespeares devices and used formal stage directions. He influenced Melvillie so much that he used a classic Shakespearean tragic figure for his antagonist, a man brought down by his faults. He also influenced other writers and poets such as Thomas Hardy, William Faulkner, and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Shakespeare is said to be the greatest writer of the English language and a genious, but can reading him actually increase our intelligence? Professor Philip Davis from the University of Liverpools School of English is approaching brain esearch by functional shifts that demonstrates how Shakespeares creative mistakes shift mental pathways and open possiblilites for what the brain can do. He thinks it is Shakespeares inventions and his deliberate syntactic errors like changing the part of speech of a word that excite us, rather than confuse us. Along with brain imaging scientists he conducted experiments to show what happens to the brain when hearing different types of sentences. A way that the brain can be measured by responses is called an N400, which is normal, milliseconds after the brain experiences and thought or perception. P600 indicates a peak in brain activity 600 milliseconds after the brain experiences a different thought or perception. The P600 is considered a wow effect and the brain is excited and then is put into a state of hesitating consciousness. When we read Shakespeare our brain peaks to P600 and our brain accepts the syntactic violations and our brain gets excited about his style of writing. Davis says that our brain needs creative language to keep our brain alive. Today writing is so predictable we can usually tell what someone is going to say before they finish their sentence. Davis is also a literary scholar and he argues that the mental activity found in the brain responses to his experiments may be one of the reasons why Shakespeares plays have such a dramatic impact on us as readers, performers, and audiences. Davis predicts that without this type of creative language we could experience a gradual deadening of the brain. Reading Shakespeare Makes You Smarter, Temple) (This is Your Brain on Shakespeare, Honan) William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the worlds pre-eminent dramatist. His surviving works consist of about 38 plays, 1 54 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. He contributed so much to the English language including and loved today. He describes the ex perience of being human more perfectly than any other writer and describes it with exquisite beauty. His works are not a simple thing to get at first. It is not easy or quick. Many people give up without discovering why it is important. But it is wonderful. Love me or hate me, both are in my favor lf you love me, Ill always be in your heart lf you hate me, Ill always be in your mind. † William Shakespeare Words that Shakespeare Invented (http://grammar. yourdictionary. com/word-lists/list- of-words-and-phrases-shakespeare-invented. html) Here are some common words that first appeared in Shakespeares plays and their meanings: Auspicious favorable; promising success; a good omen. A wedding is an example of an auspicious occasion. Baseless without a foundation; not based on fact. If you accuse someone of wrongdoing, make sure that you have support to back up your claim and it is not a baseless accusation. Barefaced shameless; without concealment or disguise. When someone tells a barefaced lie it is not a very good one and you immediately know it is not true. Castigate to punish harshly. Sometimes celebrities and politicians are castigated in the press more harshly than ordinary citizens. Clangor a loud (clanging) sound. Ghosts are sometimes said to be followed by the loud clangor of chains. Dexterously skillful, especially in the use of ones hands (or also ones mind). A good carpenter can dexterously build a bookshelf very easily. Dwindle to get smaller; diminish. Often used to describe money. Many peoples savings dwindle after losing a Job. Multitudinous a lot; a great number. You are in luck if you can say that you have a multitudinous amount of friends. Sanctimonious pretending to be very religious or righteous. Sometimes people who Judge others harshly are sanctimonious. Watchdog a person or group that keeps close watch to discover wrong or illegal activity. A popular watchdog group is PETA, which exposes Phrases Shakespeare Invented Here are some phrases that Shakespeare is said to have invented, many of which are commonly used today. Its Greek to me Oulius Caesar) When you say, its Greek to e you are admitting that you do not know or understand something. Fair play (The Tempest) Follow the rules, especially in competitions or sports. All that glitters isnt gold (Merchant of Venice) We usually use this phrase after we discover the fact that something that looks good turns out not to be that great. Wear ones heart on ones sleeve (Othello) To be a hopeless romantic (or be open and honest about how you feel) is to wear ones heart on ones sleeve. Break the ice (The Taming of the Shrew) Often when you meet someone for the first time, you break he ice by asking them polite questions about themselves. The lady doth protest too much (Hamlet) If someone denies something more than once, you can say the lady doth protest too much, meaning yo u think that they feel the opposite to what they are saying. Clothes make the man (Hamlet) Although not always true, this phrase implies that how a person dresses tells you something about who they are as a person. A laughing stock (The Merry Wives of Windsor) To be a laughing stock is to be considered a Joke by many people. Too much of a good thing (As You Like It) It s said that too much of a good thing (i. e. money, love, food) is not necessarily good for you. In a pickle (The Tempest) To be in a pickle is to be in trouble or a situation that you cannot easily get out of. : A companion to the history of the English language Momma, H. ; Matto, Michael. ; Wiley Interscience (Online service) Chichester, I-JK ; Malden, MA : Wiley-Blackwell 2008 Shakespeare : the invention of the human New York : Riverhead 1998 William Shakespeare: Biography shmoop. com/william-shakespeare/ biography. html William Shakespeare rom A History of English Literature 1918 by Robert Huntington Fletcher http://classiclit. about. com/library/bl-etexts/rfletcher/bl-rfletcher-history- shakespeare. tm Words used by Shakespeare 2010 History of the English Language 2010-history-of- english-nccu. wikispaces. com/ /shakespeares+lnflu File Format: Microsoft Powerpoint Quick View WILLIAM SHAKESPEARES INFLUENCE ON THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 97501023 Phoebe. 97504056 Shirley. Internet: How did Shakespeare change the English Language? By Harold Bloom scribd. com/doc/28967704/How-did-Shakespeare-change-the-English- anguage Internet: The Language of Shakespeare. Shakespeare resource center. ttp :// www. bardweb. net/language. html Book: A philosophical analysis and illustration of some of Shakespeares remarkable characters Richardson, William, 1743-1814. London : printed for J. Murray; and W. Creech, at Edinburgh 1774 FYI: Reading Shakespeare Makes You Smarter by Emily Temple. flavorwire. com/171612/fyi-reading-shakespeare-makes-you-smarter This is Your Brain on Shakespeare Daniel Honan on August 23, 2011 http://bigthink. com/how-to-think-like-shakespeare/this-is-your-brain-on-shakespeare

Qu es la green card y que informacin hay que saber

Qu es la green card y que informacin hay que saber La greencard es el documento que acredita que una persona es residente permanente legal en los Estados Unidos (LPR, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Tambià ©n se la conoce como tarjeta de residencia permanente.  Los residentes gozan de importantes derechos, pero su estatus no es igual al de ciudadano, ya que entre unos y otros hay  importantes diferencias. Siendo el ms importante que salvo rarà ­simas excepciones la nacionalidad no se pierde mientras que la pà ©rdida de la residencia es un evento ms comà ºn. Cà ³mo se obtiene la greencard y por quà © puede ser denegada Hay muchos caminos que conducen a la greencard, siendo los ms comunes las peticiones de familia, pero hay muchas otras. A la hora de obtenerla hay que tener en cuenta que los trmites pueden demorarse desde apenas unos meses a ms de 20 aà ±os, por lo que al iniciar el proceso es un dato a tener en cuenta.  La  forma ms rpidas para conseguir la greencard es  por ser cà ³nyuge, hijo soltero menor de 21 aà ±os, padre o madre de un ciudadano americano. Tambià ©n conviene saber que hay ms de 40 razones por las que la greencard puede ser negada al final de la tramitacià ³n porque convierten a una persona en inadmisible para los Estados Unidos. Cà ³mo es la greencard La greencard es una tarjeta de tamaà ±o similar a una de crà ©dito o dà ©bito que sirve como prueba de que una persona es residente permanente legal. En otras palabras, que ese extranjero puede vivir y trabajar en Estados Unidos. Los residentes gozan de importantes derechos, pero su estatus no es igual al de ciudadano, ya que entre unos y otros hay importantes diferencias. Siendo el ms importante que salvo rarà ­simas excepciones la nacionalidad no se pierde mientras que la pà ©rdida de la residencia es un evento ms comà ºn. Pero,  ¿es verde la greencard? En la actualidad el à ºltimo modelo de greencard sà ­ es verde. Adems, entre 1946 y 1964 tambià ©n lo fue. Y el nombre se conservà ³ durante dà ©cadas, a pesar de haberse ya modificado el modelo de la tarjeta en numerosas ocasiones y de emitirse en colores distintos al verde. Quà © informacià ³n contiene la Greencard Entre la informacià ³n fundamental que ofrece la tarjeta de residencia destacan el nombre de su titular, identificacià ³n de su sexo y fecha de nacimiento. Tambià ©n contiene informacià ³n sobre la categorà ­a por la que se adquirià ³ la green card y la fecha de expiracià ³n, debià ©ndose renovar antes de que alcance esa fecha. Adems, contiene el Alien Registration Number, un dà ­gito fundamental para los residentes permanentes legales. Cules son sus medidas de seguridad Hasta hace apenas 15 aà ±os era relativamente frecuente poder adquirir en la calle tarjetas de residencia falsas pero que se asemejaban bastante a las verdaderas. Desde entonces las cosas han cambiado y las green card emitidas en los à ºltimos aà ±os ya contienen importantes medidas de seguridad que dificultan su falsificacià ³n. El modelo actual, que comenzà ³ a entregarse a partir del 11 de mayo de 2010 es una tarjeta con importantes medidas de seguridad para evitar tanto la falsificacià ³n como la manipulacià ³n de las mismas. Entre las medidas destacan: Tinta en color cambiante en tonos que van desde el verde al oro. Este efecto puede verse, por ejemplo, en la imagen de la cabeza del guila cuando se mueve la tarjeta.Foto hologrfica del titular, tanto en el anverso como en el reverso de la tarjeta.Huellas gravadas mediante tecnologà ­a lser que permiten la identificacià ³n rpida y exacta de la persona cuando se entra por la frontera a Estados Unidos. Es decir, con esta tarjeta se evita que un emigrante utilice la tarjeta de otro para ganar entrada al paà ­s.Personalizacià ³n tctil tambià ©n realizada mediante lser.Tecnologà ­a de identificacià ³n por radio frecuencia que permite a los inspectores de Inmigracià ³n leer desde cierta distancia, sin tener la tarjeta en sus manos, un nà ºmero que est gravado en la tarjeta y conectarlo con toda la informacià ³n digital disponible sobre el titular de dicha tarjeta.Y almacenaje de todos los archivos digitales sobre el titular, incluyendo sus datos biomà ©tricos. Otra informacià ³n interesante que contienen las tarjetas de residencia En la parte posterior de la tarjeta pueden verse microfotos de altà ­sima resolucià ³n de las banderas de los estados y de Presidentes de los Estados Unidos.  ¿Debo solicitar el nuevo modelo de Greencard? Las tarjetas de residencia con menos de diez aà ±os son perfectamente vlidas aunque sean de un modelo anterior al actual y, por lo tanto, no hay obligacià ³n de reemplazarlas hasta que llegue su fecha de expiracià ³n. Obligacià ³n de cargar la green card y otros deberes Existe una obligacià ³n legal que aplica a todos los residentes permanentes legales mayores de 18 aà ±os: deben llevar consigo en todo momento su green card. El gobierno federal puede imponer multas de hasta $100 y/o pena de crcel por un mximo de 30 dà ­as a las personas que no cumplan con esta obligacià ³n. Esto tambià ©n afecta a la  tarjeta de residencia que est sellada en el pasaporte  de su titular y que es totalmente vlida y sirve tambià ©n para viajar internacionalmente. Asimismo, los residentes permanentes deben notificar al USCIS sus  cambios de domicilio  en los diez dà ­as siguientes a que se produzca la mudanza. Finalmente, se recomienda tomar este  test  para verificar conocimientos bsicos sobre cà ³mo obtener y conservar la tarjeta de residencia. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 15

Technology - Essay Example People now rely on portable devices such as smartphones and tablets to connect with their friends, relatives, teammates, and even compatriots in their places of work. Instantaneous connections allow people to pass messages quickly regardless of where they are. However, the mobile technologies are a hindrance to important one on one communication therefore they should be moderately used for the sake of building of meaningful relationships. The technologies are dangerous since they drive people away from normal conversations. These technologies make people indifferent to the people they are with physically since they rather communicate with others through the mobile devices. According to Turkle, â€Å"technology-enabled, we are able to be with one another, and also elsewhere, connected to wherever we want to be† (1). This tendency leads to the loss in the value of face to face interactions, as people feel rejected by their mates who seem addicted to their communication devices. The use of the mobile technologies actually enables people to snub the people close by. â€Å"We are together, but each of us is in our own bubble, furiously connected to keyboards and tiny touch screens† (Turkle 2). However, the problem has become so widespread that everyone seems to use technologies to keep others away. The remote connections enabled by the mobile technologies do not yield deep relationships. I agree with Turkle’s views that the technologies are an avenue which people use to present an ideal image of themselves, which is unlike who they really are. â€Å"Texting and e-mail and posting let us present the self we want to be. This means we can edit. And if we wish to, we can delete. Or retouch: the voice, the flesh, the face, the body† (Turkle 2). The downside to this is that people end up not knowing one another hence they cannot meaningfully understand and connect to one another. Consulting via the technology does not yield answers that would fit the needs or concerns that

Communication Technology in Business Research Paper

Communication Technology in Business - Research Paper Example   Businesses that do not maintain adequate communications systems face significant breakdowns inefficiency, cultural development, customer satisfaction, and even profitability. This is why organizations require planning and implementation of communications technologies to ensure that business leaders and support employees have the ability to compete in a rapidly-globalizing business world. Communications technologies provide for instant communications and real-time data transfer, thus creating more predictable business systems and also better knowledge exchange. The ability to communicate with organizational employees, managers, and executives greatly improve the ability to meet vision and mission goals associated with the business. In healthcare, especially, communications technologies improve patient care and also avoid errors that can cost the organization considerable profits. Technology in communication has changed the way businesses communicate with each other. Web-based meet ings, Personal PDA’s, E-mail, Internet chat rooms and cloud computing are essential for keeping our business viable in today’s growing technological world. This report highlights the need for communications technologies at our health care facility to improve our standing as a world-class health center. The costs of establishing age-old technologies to improve business function as considerable. Written communication methods are outdated and often involve considerable bureaucracy to ensure that written files are delivered timely and accurately. Further, written documentation puts a great deal of strain on the environment and therefore becomes a social responsibility issue for this health firm. Currently, nurses and physicians rely on documentation for patient dosing, charted analysis of patient care and symptoms, and also inter-office memos describing new health care policies. It is inefficient and does not serve the needs of this health care center. Older communications technologies, such as television-based training programs used in human resources, require significant costs for implementation of fiber-optic lines, display screens, and the costs of producing multi-media videos. This healthcare facility has relied on these archaic systems for too long and it has greatly disrupted profitability as it relates to operational budget.  Ã‚  

Legal Aspects of Healthcare Administration Research Paper

Legal Aspects of Healthcare Administration - Research Paper Example This study gathers information from state laws, codified statutes, case laws and regulatory laws. The source under consideration, hence, is credible by all means. The data and information used in it is valid. The sources includes details of Alcohol distribution laws, tax systems, legal principles on driving while intoxicated and Alcohol Sale and Purchase laws etc. This study analyzes data of the 40 states and provides legal implications of violating any laws. It gives an understanding of punishments and fines which are imposed in case of law violation. The state laws and policies are also discussed. The changes that occurred in the regulations over time are also discussed. For example, the lowered down blood alcohol concentration limits are discussed. The healthcare diseases and risks associated with excessive alcohol consumption require stricter laws and narrower space for legal alcohol use. The teenagers as well as adults are equally affected by the negative outcomes of alcohol consumption. Hence, in order to manage a stable healthcare system, there is a need to curb these issues. Legal proceedings and principles are a helpful tool in controlling the worsening situations that are observed in the recent years. This study hence, is a good source of information to understand the laws. Most of the legal principles, policies and laws are discuss ed efficiently in this study. The overview of the laws and the statistical data for the 40 states provide a better view on the effects of legal system as it relates to the overall health conditions in the United States. In my opinion, this source provides a good starting point to understand the impact of laws on law violators. This study provides a clear account of punishments and penalties for the law violators. Moreover, tax systems and fines are also explained. This source is undoubtedly helpful in understanding the law implications and principles. However, the weaknesses

Critically Assess the Claims That Animals, Particularly Chimpanzees, Essay

Critically Assess the Claims That Animals, Particularly Chimpanzees, Have a Humanlike Understanding of Mental States - Essay Example This paper stresses that there are many debates between scientists over theory of mind and do animals have one? Those who are primatologists and other observors of animal behaviour term theory of mind ‘Machiavellian intelligence’, ‘metarepresentation’, ‘metcognition’, ‘mind reading’ and ‘pan’ or ‘pongo-morphism’. Now a researcher who would use the term ‘mental state attribution’ is likely to believe law-like generalisations underlie mental state ascription. This report makes a conclusion that the report states, ‘theory of attention in which organisms are subjectively connected to the world not through any particular sensory modality such as vision but rather through other (as-of-yet unspecified) behavioural indicators’. As observed, behaviour is not always valid indictor of having a theory of mind. Hence it will not be obvious to the untrained individual if or not chimps have a human like understanding of mental states. In research like povinelli’s ‘reasoning about beliefs, a human specialisation?’ a very striking point is brought up that ‘theory of mind is unique to our species, and that its original function was to provide a more abstract level of describing ancient behavioural patterns (such as deception, reconciliation, and gaze following)-behaviours that humans share in common with many other species.’ This material sheds knew light on what we thought we knew bout the human mind’ s ‘theory of mind’.

Critically discuss the application of traditional rules of offer and Essay

Critically discuss the application of traditional rules of offer and acceptance in English contract law in the context of (i) standard term contracts; and (ii) electronic communications - Essay Example Offer is referred to as an expression of desire to contract on specific terms which are made intentionally to become a binding after the person to whom it was addressed accepts it. It can also be defined as the statement of terms that the offeror is ready to be bound with. Acceptance requires that both parties should have engaged in conduct that manifests their assent in subjective perspective. The traditional approach that is applied in contract law is involves analyzing contract formation in terms of one party doing an offer and the other one accepting the offer. It has been argued by some scholars that not all contracts are analyzed in terms of offer and acceptance. They instead argue that one should focus on correspondence and the parties conduct as well as the parties’ terms of agreement Contracts which can not be analyzed in this perspective of offer and acceptance are said to be exceptional (Hedley, 230). Some critics have argued that the principles of offer and acceptance have a marginal relevance in business conduction. Different rules that are related to contract formation appear inform technical and schematic contract law. Practically, the law can adopt a fair and flexible pragmatic approach. Although most contracts are made using the offer and acceptance process, some agreements cannot be explained fully using the traditional approach. There are cases th at may proof hard to reconcile using the traditional approach and they include contract not resulting from parties’ agreement. The court may imply a contract in the bases of public policy or on the bases of expediency which makes it difficult to analyze. Generally contractual terms are settled using two methods that is by express negotiation and standard terms. English law when contrasted with other legal systems uses the analysis traditional offer and acceptance in cases of standard

Knowledgement Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Knowledgement Management - Research Paper Example 1). The meaning of the term knowledge was qualified by Baker, Baker, Thorne, & Dutnell (1997), â€Å"knowledge is present in ideas, judgments, talents, root causes, relationships, perspectives and concepts. Knowledge can be related to customers, products, processes, culture, skills, experiences and know-how† (cited in Kalpic & Bernus, 2006, p. 44). KM is therefore important to the success of the organization because through the collective shared efforts of various stakeholders, the potentials and resources of the organizations are maximized. Core competencies and strengths are capitalized to enable the organization to address risks, threats and changes in external environmental factors that would impinge on the firm’s operations. Accordingly, not only are the organizational objectives achieved; but more so, the relevant contribution of the organization’s stakeholders are thereby percieved as instrumental for the firm’s success and therefore, make each cont ributor better motivated to share their inputs towards a greater good. As noted from Kalpic & Bernus’ (2006) discourse, â€Å"Rouggles (1998), for example, found that the four most common KM projects conducted by organizations were creating/implementing an intranet, knowledge repositories, decision support tools, or groupware to support collaboration† (p. 49). The creation and implementation of an intranet is deemed crucial for organizations to access and connect volumes and diverse information through different departments and functions within the organization. This is an example of KM due to the interplay of inputs, processes and systems that need to be identified, analyzed and connected, as required. Decision-support tools are also examples of KM programs were organizational policies and procedures identify and authorize authorities to decide on significant aspects, alternatives, and options that each personnel, department, or group makes on a daily basis. The design and implementation of

Critically discuss the application of traditional rules of offer and Essay

Critically discuss the application of traditional rules of offer and acceptance in English contract law in the context of (i) standard term contracts; and (ii) electronic communications - Essay Example Offer is referred to as an expression of desire to contract on specific terms which are made intentionally to become a binding after the person to whom it was addressed accepts it. It can also be defined as the statement of terms that the offeror is ready to be bound with. Acceptance requires that both parties should have engaged in conduct that manifests their assent in subjective perspective. The traditional approach that is applied in contract law is involves analyzing contract formation in terms of one party doing an offer and the other one accepting the offer. It has been argued by some scholars that not all contracts are analyzed in terms of offer and acceptance. They instead argue that one should focus on correspondence and the parties conduct as well as the parties’ terms of agreement Contracts which can not be analyzed in this perspective of offer and acceptance are said to be exceptional (Hedley, 230). Some critics have argued that the principles of offer and acceptance have a marginal relevance in business conduction. Different rules that are related to contract formation appear inform technical and schematic contract law. Practically, the law can adopt a fair and flexible pragmatic approach. Although most contracts are made using the offer and acceptance process, some agreements cannot be explained fully using the traditional approach. There are cases th at may proof hard to reconcile using the traditional approach and they include contract not resulting from parties’ agreement. The court may imply a contract in the bases of public policy or on the bases of expediency which makes it difficult to analyze. Generally contractual terms are settled using two methods that is by express negotiation and standard terms. English law when contrasted with other legal systems uses the analysis traditional offer and acceptance in cases of standard

Food Chemistry Options Report Essay Example for Free

Food Chemistry Options Report Essay Food Chemistry What is food chemistry? Food chemistry is the application of the actual science that goes into the production, development, and actual creation of the foods we frequently consume. In reality, much more thought as well as actual science goes into the food production and consumption that we as a society divulge in so regularly. It is up to the food chemists to design the most efficient and fastest way to make and preserve both the appeal as well as the nutrition of the food. With that being said, not only must the food meet the standards of the consumers, but the chemistry behind it must also be in line with the guidelines set up by organizations such as the FDA. Perhaps the most important factor when looking into a food is its chemical composition. For example, typical lipids include phospholipids, sterols, and vitamin D which because of their structures remain soluble in organic solvents but insoluble in water. A common lipid makeup of a fatty food contains an intricate mixture of many different molecules. A large part of these lipid makeups are usually a good amount of triacylglycercols which are literally the esters of three fatty acids bonded to a glycerol molecule. Variation in fatty foods are then caused by differences in chain length, degree of unsaturation, and position on the glycerol molecule(ACS). Another prominent factor when considering the different types of fats is that the unique profile of lipids present determines the exact nutritional as well as physiochemical properties. As the discussion of food fat and oils continues, it is important to distinguish that the difference between the two is that a â€Å"fat† is a lipid that is solid at room temperature whereas an â€Å"oil† is a lipid that is liquid at that same temperature. Along with lipids, carbohydrates also have a very different chemical structure that contributes to their unique qualities. Carbohydrates exist in combinations of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen which really shows how simple the base structure of a carbohydrate is. In the presence of animals, carbohydrates can be seen as starches whereas in plants they are most commonly noticed as cellulose. Carbohydrates can be most commonly identified in their base state as simple sugars but they can quickly combine to form complex structures as more of the simple sugars combine. A common structure for a simple sugar or monosaccharide is a carbon chain ending with a carbonyl group that also has hydroxyl groups spread out over the molecule. The main difference from some simple sugars to others is the specific orientation of the hydroxyl groups around the simple sugar chain. As the talk of lipids goes more into depth, it is important to distinguish between the different types of fat and in this case the differences between saturated and unsaturated fats. It has long been common knowledge that unsaturated fat is better for you and that saturated fat is just horrible for you but it has never really been explained at all. However, when examining into the actual chemical effects that these two fats can have, it becomes much easier to see why one would be considered so much healthier over the other. As the chemical structure of saturated fats are examined it can be seen that since the molecule is so concentrated with hydrogen atoms, there is no double bonds contained between the atoms. These saturated fats have been known to raise cholesterol levels because of the more dense fat that must be consumed. When the structures of unsaturated fats are looked at, it can be seen that there is a huge difference between its chemical structure and that of the saturated fat. This difference is shown by the presence of double bonds between some of the atoms. This presence of double bonds then shows that the atom has a much less concentrated state in comparison to the saturated fats which also explains why it remains at a liquid at room temperature instead of a more dense solid. As a result, these unsaturated fats take much less of an effort by the body to consume since they are less dense which is really what helps them in being considered so much healthier. Shelf life, the length of time a product can be stored without becoming unsuitable for use or consumption(Gyesley S. . There are many factors that go into the preserved shelf life of foods and many of which that have to do with the actual chemical composition of the food in question. These factors include the foods exposure to light, heat, water content, as well as exposures of the food to air in general which can lead to slow but actual chemical changes over time. The main problem associated with the exposure of light onto foods is how strong the affect of light can manage to be. Too much light will cause a loss in the presence of vitamins as well as the overall appearance since the excess of light can lead to a much faster deterioration of the food. There can really be a problem with the amount of water content in packaged foods today too, as that can affect the rate at which that food undergoes chemical changes however if the food comes dry and then begins to pick up moisture it can drastically change the rate at which microbial spoilage will take place. These chemical changes in the food is really what leads to the sharp decline in shelf life as well as the quality of the food and it is influenced in a very strong way by the temperature at which the food is stored. A gallon of milk left out at room temperature spawns microbial growth much faster than one that is left in the refrigerator. It is important to realize how important the preservation of food becomes after reading about how easily food can spoil. The first of these is one of the most obvious that involves storing dairy products at low temperatures which usually encompasses using a refrigerator. There are also some techniques that change the packaging such as many foods these days that are packaged in reduced oxygen. The growth of the traditional spoilage organisms can be prevented by the application of this new method at a higher rate than ever before. The use of these new packaging techniques really differs from the past when one of the most common forms of preservation in meats was to salt them very heavily. As that is now still an option, it is used way less often because of how unhealthy that has become to be considered by our society today. What is sometimes simply overlooked in foods is the appearance by which they come. Foods have color because of their ability to reflect and absorb the different wavelengths of visible light. When considering where these colors actually come from the answer usually involves one of the natural pigments of either anthocyanins or carotenoids. Anthocyanins are more commonly known to be present among plants. The colors they produce range from pink, red, and purple to blue. Carotenoids are considered to be more of a general igment as they are virtually found everywhere. These colors involve red, orange, and yellow which are typically most seen through nature. As to the presence of Anthocyanins in plants, it is important to realize that along with it comes the commonly known natural pigment of chlorophyll that is typically found in any plant that shows green. As the conversation onto the appearance of food continues, another aspect of food that would have to be considered is the texture of f oods. In liquids, one of the most common ways that is used to change texture or the look is through the process of emulsion. This involves combining two liquids that would normally be insoluble to each other by means of adding one to the other drop by drop. This process of emulsion can really be sped up by the addition of an emulsifying agent as well which allows for the two liquids to combine faster. When the actual term of â€Å"emulsifier† is used, this just describes the actual substance that allows small droplets of one liquid to become suspended into the other. In conclusion, food chemistry involves a large amount of organic and chemical structure knowledge in order to maintain and improve upon the food production and processing techniques that are already out there. Much more thought is often put into food chemistry then most people would think which shows why it is often not known or understood by the common person. However, as food development and preservation becomes even more prominent in our society today, common food chemistry knowledge should become more well known.

Effects of Ethical Conflicts in Business

Effects of Ethical Conflicts in Business Ethical Relativism or Imperialism: The Effects of Ethical Conflicts on Top Manager Behavior under Host Country Context and International Joint Venture Performance. Defined by Shenkar Zeira (1987); Ren et.al (2009), international joint ventures (IJVs) are jointly owned organizational entities by two or more legally distinct organizations, in which the headquarters of at least one is located outside the country of operation of the entity. Alliance literature suggests that the ability to bridge cultural differences is often found important to the success of IJVs and the lack of such ability is a major contributor to failure (Yan Luo, 2016). Among various dimensions of cultural differences, cross-cultural ethical conflicts have a great influence when two firms from different countries manage an IJV together, because what is considered an unacceptable practice in a Western context because core principles would be violated, may be acceptable in another because those core principles would not be violated e.g. monetary gift giving (Irwin, 2012). So, how do top managers representing partners in an IJV reconcile these ethical conflicts under certain b oundary conditions, and how does this type of reconciliation influence strategic decision-making and eventually affect IJV performance? Prior research has shown that the cultural differences between alliance partners play a pivotal role in affecting alliance performance (Boyd Webb, 2008). Culture differences between joint venture partners have usually been considered a major factor that might influence venture failure or unsatisfactory performance (Cartwright Cooper, 1993). Among various forms of alliance, IJVs are particularly susceptible to damage by cultural differences because top managers representing different cultures must work in concert to achieve mutual goals in IJVs, and the strength and success of an IJV rest on the interactions of its people (Yan Luo, 2016). Previous research has focused on cultural differences in strategic alliance from national and organizational levels (Sirmon Lane, 2004). E.g. Homburg Pflesser (2000) argue that there are various dimensions to any alliance partners organizational culture including shared values, norms and artifacts. Besides looking at analyses of national and organization levels, a few research has explored how individual level factors affect IJV performance. For example, Leung et al., (2013) argue that top management trust influences IJV performance. Yet the impact of ethical conflicts at individual level under certain boundary conditions on IJV performance remains largely undeveloped.   Do top managers representing partners in IJVs show different patterns of behavior in different countries? How do ethical conflicts affect the decision-making behavior of top managers and in turn influence IJV performance? Considering the important managerial implications, the author addresses these questions by drawing on ethical relativism theory. According to conventional ethical relativism, what is right for you as an individual depends upon what your culture thinks is right for you (Beebe, 2003). Therefore, the author contends that among top managers who hold higher standards of ethics, ethical relat ivism will be triggered under lax host country regulations, which means the managers will compromise to fit in host business context which might facilitate IJV performance. Reversely, ethical imperialism will be triggered in response to more stringent host country regulations, which means the managers will maintain high standards of ethics to avoid breach of regulations which might damage IJV performance. In this article, I strive to explore the dynamic relationship of individual level reaction of decision-making, which is elicited by ethical conflicts under host country regulations and the impact on IJV performance. By providing theoretical and practical insights, I propose that the association between cross-cultural ethical conflicts and top manager ethical relativism/imperialism is moderated by host country regulations, and the reaction of top manager decision-making will in turn influence IJV performance. I test my hypotheses by conducting a survey on top managers and their direct staff working for IJVs, formed by Sino-US firms which operate either in China or in the U.S. The contribution of this research is twofold. First, the present research contributes to the knowledge of culture differences and alliance literature at the individual level by revealing that ethical conflicts affect top manager behavior in IJVs under certain boundary conditions. Second, the present research contributes to the managerial practices considering that ethical conflicts elicit the altering of strategic decision-making of IJV top managers towards ethical relativism or ethical imperialism contingent upon how lax or stringent host country regulations are. The managerial implications of the results will help top management team members better understand the impact of ethical conflicts and the possible options when forming and managing IJVs under certain business contexts. References       Boyd, D. E. and K. L. Webb (2008). Interorganizational ethical conflict within alliances: A conceptual framework and research propositions. Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing 15(1): 1-24. Cartwright, S. and C. L. Cooper (1993). The role of culture compatibility in successful organizational marriage. The Academy of Management Executive 7(2): 57-70. Homburg, C. and C. Pflesser (2000). A multiple-layer model of market-oriented organizational culture: Measurement issues and performance outcomes. Journal of marketing research 37(4): 449-462. Irwin, J. (2012). Doing business in China: An overview of ethical aspects. UK: Institute of Business Ethics. James R. Beebe. Ethical Relativism. University at Buffalo, Copyright 2003. Pothukuchi, V., et al. (2002). National and organizational culture differences and international joint venture performance. Journal of International Business Studies 33(2): 243-265. Ren, H., et al. (2009). Performance of international joint ventures: what factors really make a difference and how? Journal of Management 35(3): 805-832. Shenkar, O. and Y. Zeira (1987). International joint ventures: Implications for organisation development. Personnel Review 16(1): 30-37. Sirmon, D. G. and P. J. Lane (2004). A model of cultural differences and international alliance performance. Journal of International Business Studies 35(4): 306-319. Yan, A. and Y. Luo (2016). International joint ventures: Theory and practice, Routledge. Wai On, L., et al. (2013). Top management team trust, behavioral integration and the performance of international joint ventures. Journal of Asia Business Studies 7(2): 99-122.

The Ambiguity of Plato Essay -- Philosophy Essays

The Ambiguity of Plato For hundreds of years, Plato has been admired as a writer, a master rhetorician, an artist, and above all, a philosopher; however, Plato's backlashes against sophistry and art have led to much confusion concerning his ideas and beliefs. John Poulakos says of Plato, "[F]or most rhetoricians Plato has always played the same role he assigned to the sophists--the enemy" (Nienkamp 1). Plato will always appear to be the skilled rhetorician or artist who speaks out against rhetoric and art. In Apology and Phaedrus we see the character of Socrates rail against writing because it can quickly get out of control of the author and just as easily be misinterpreted, yet Plato is known for his skillful dialogical writing. In reference to the Divided Line, Plato informs us that art is one of the lowest forms because it is no more than an illusion, yet Plato uses his artistic ability in "Simile of a Cave" to help us understand the journey to knowledge. This ambiguity within the texts leads to, what a ppears to be, Plato contradicting himself; however, to fully understand these contradictions we must ask ourselves, "Who is the real Plato?" Plato's contradictory nature and overall ambiguity make the lines of distinction between the writer, the rhetorician, the artist, and the philosopher become blurred, so it is difficult for anyone to understand or explain the real Plato. Jean Nienkamp says of Plato, "[He is] the writer who writes that nothing of importance can be conveyed through writing; the word-smith who argues that words are but imitations of imitations at the same time that he insists on precise definitions, divisions... " (1). In Phaedrus, Plato presents some of his more powerful arguments against writing. Most... ...1: 23-44. Plato. Euthyphro. Trans. G.M.A. Grube. Indianapolis: Hacket Publishing Company Inc., 1981: 5-22. Plato. Meno. Trans. G.M.A. Grube. Indianapolis: Hacket Publishing Company Inc., 1981: 57-88. Plato. Phaedo. Trans. G.M.A. Grube. Indianapolis: Hacket Publishing Company Inc., 1981: 89-155. Plato. Phaedrus. Trans. A. Nehamas and P. Woodruff. Amherst: Hermagoras Press, 1999: 165-213. Plato. "Simile of a Cave." The Republic. Trans. Desmond Lee. Boston: Pearson Custom Publishing, 2002: 1-9. Tejera, Victorino. "The Apology and the Phaedo: Plato's Tragic Humor." Plato's Dialogues One by One: A Dialogical Interpretation. Lanham: University Press of America, Inc., 1999. Thesleff, Holger. "In Search of Dialogue." Plato's Dialogues: New Studies and Interpretations. Ed. Gerald A. Press. Lanham: Rowan and Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1993: 259-266.

Was Shakespeare Really in Love? Essay -- William Shakespeare Playwrigh

Was Shakespeare Really in Love? William Shakespeare is arguably one of the best playwrights of all time, and he is certainly one of the most well-known writers in the history of literature. Shakespeare is a classic example of how art and literature can touch so many people’s lives and hearts. His work has been enjoyed by millions of people for four hundred years, and today, his plays are still being performed daily all over the world. He wrote a total of thirty-seven plays and 154 sonnets in his lifetime. Plays like Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, and Macbeth are recognized by most people, and they, coupled with his beautiful sonnets, are clear evidence that Shakespeare was a romantic man. Over four hundred years ago, Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, about 100 miles northwest of London, in April of 1564. Shakespeare was the first son and the third child born to his parents, John and Mary Shakespeare. His father was a â€Å"glover,† a maker, worker and seller of leather goods, such as gloves, purses, and belts. Most scholars agree that Shakespeare attended the Stratford grammar school, where he learned the English alphabet, as well as reading and writing in Latin. In grammar school, Shakespeare would have been exposed to Latin authors such as Cicero, Virgil, Seneca, and Ovid. It was in grammar school that Shakespeare fell in love with literature, yet when Shakespeare was around thirteen years old, his father was forced to take him out of grammar school to help him with the business at home. Most scholars believe Shakespeare continued enjoying Latin and English literature throughout his entire lifetime. Clearly, he was familiar with such literature, and a life-long student, because many of his plays are modeled after pr... ...Shakespeare. New York: Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers Inc., 2002. Mabillard, Amanda. â€Å"Shakespeare of Stratford.†Shakespeare Online. 2000. http://www.shakespeare-online.com/biography/default.asp. (11/20/2002). Kinney, Sarah. â€Å"Shakespeare’s Marriage – Is it Reflected in His Plays?† http://www.calvin.edu/academic/engl/346/proj/skinney.htm. (11/27/2002). Almasy, Rudolph. Daniel, Rebecca. Gerlach, Jeanne. â€Å"Revisiting Shakespeare and Gender.†Digital Library & Archives. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/WILLA/fall96/gerlach.html Gray, Terry. â€Å"1564 Birth & Early Years.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"1582 Marriage.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"1608 Romance & Reconciliation.†A Shakespeare Timeline. 1998. http://shakespeare.palomar.edu/timeline/timeline.htm Ward, Ian. â€Å"Shakespeare and the Politics of Community.† Early Modern Literary Studies. 1999. http://www.shu.ac.uk/emls/04-3/wardshak.html

Blade Runner and Frankenstein: A Comparison

Texts, in order to effectively convey a message, commonly reflect on social views, attitudes and contextual values. A comparison between Ridley Scotts sci-fi thriller â€Å"Blade Runner: the Directors Cut† and the Mary Shelley’s classic gothic novel â€Å"Frankenstein† will reveal that there are elements of human nature which will remain constant over time. These two texts reflect of the possibility of scientific and technological development and caution about possible physical and moral consequences of this development.The seductive nature of knowledge is explored in both texts as the fine line that separates man and monster is revealed as our capacity for true human emotion is questioned. As a critique of scientific and enlightened rationalism, Shelley’s gothic text â€Å"Frankenstein† explores the duality of the human condition as man is capable of both good and evil. Walton’s letters portray man’s capacity for arrogance and moral b lindness and foreshadow the subsequent folly committed by Dr Frankenstein. The sun is for ever visible, its broad disk just skirting the horizon, and diffusing a perpetual splendor† Walton’s romantic ideals are juxtaposed with his own arrogance as he refers to Shakespeare’s play Macbeth â€Å"but success shall crown my endeavors. Wherefore not? † Shelley’s intertextual allusion to Macbeth portrays the arrogance Walton holds about his voyages success. Just as Macbeth was ambition, so to does Walton lose his moral direction on his question for discovery. This aptitude is characteristic of romantic writers in the 1700’s who similarly used to romantic writing styles to contrast mans moral blindness.Similarly, Ridley Scott also explores the moral blindness of humans as the pragmatism of the 80’s is reflected though the loss of god in the dystopian 2019 Los Angles. Through corporate prosperity, Scott suggests that god has been replaced by th e creator, Tyrell. â€Å"Nothing the god of bio-mechanics wouldn’t let you in heaven for† the direct allusion of Tyrell to â€Å"the god of bio-mechanics† reflects that Tyrell, as the owner of the supreme corporation on earth has been elevated to a god like status, reflecting the importance of corporate dominance in the 80’s.As Roy confronts Tyrell, the creator plays with an extravagant, human like chess set, symbolic of his god like status over humans. Tyrell’s eyes are hidden behind the glare of his glasses as he peers over the figures, his tone as he confronts Roy is arrogant as he states â€Å"the light that burns twice as bright, burns half as long, and you have burned so bright† the objectification of Roy dehumanizes and belittles the replicant and portrays Tyrell’s control and dominance over humanity. Humanity has been embedded with the capacity to celebrate the divinity of nature and this appreciation of the natural world is a key element of the human spirit.Shelley’s text â€Å"Frankenstein† reflects the Romantic’s pantheistic view of god and nature as the two are inextricably linked. The Romantic belief that god is revealed through the natural world is shown as Frankenstein takes solace in the sublime beauty of nature. â€Å"The vary winds whispered in soothing accents, and maternal nature bade me weep no more† the personification of the wind and comparison of natural to a mother reflects the romantic influences over Shelley as nature is portrayed as divine and splendid. Similarly, other characters in the novel also marvel at the magnificence of nature.Walton, in his letters, reflects on the beauty of the Artic on his voyage â€Å"Sailing over a calm sea, we may be wafted to a land surpassing in wonders and in beauty every region hitherto discovered on the habitable globe† Walton fascination with the discovery and exploration of the Artic also reproduces Shelleyâ€⠄¢s romantic ideals, reflecting the romantic writers common pre-occupation with the unspoiled domain of the artic. The dangers of circumventing the natural order are also explored in Ridley Scotts â€Å"Blade Runner: The Directors Cut†. The text reflects how nature has been compromised for industrial profit of transnational corporations.The soaring oblique camera angle and the hellish image of fire, works with the dramatic, eerie music at the beginning of the film to suggest the capitalistic world has destroyed the natural world for the creation of profit. The film noir technique used throughout the film adds a sense of lifelessness to the Los Angles environment and offers contrast to Frankenstein, where nature is respected and revered. Scott uses his text to didactically warn the audience about the degradation of the natural environment as the capitalist world of Los Angles and the on world colony has become degraded urban sprawl devoid of natural life.In Blade Runner, the n atural world is represented by the breakdown of the physical environment. In Frankenstein, the natural world is broken down morally as the creator defies the natural order. Ultimately both texts caution against the perception that all progress is beneficial. Shelley’s Frankenstein and Ridley Scotts Blade Runner each challenge human supremacy as the created is portrayed as moral, emotionally and physically superior to their creator. The Replicants in Scotts Blade Runner challenge this Darwinian view of human supremacy as, in contrast to the humans of LA 2019; they are emotive, compassionate and moral. All those moments will be lost in time, like tears in rain† the raw emotion shown by Roy as his image is silhouetted against filtered blue light life reflects the elements of humanity that have been lost in the dystopic world as the replicants are the only beings capable of true emotive, human behavior. Similarly, Shelley’s Frankenstein portrays the reversal of the D arwinian Theory with Frankenstein creating a being superior physically and emotionally to man.Shelley uses the Romantic belief of the loss of innocence, shown in the inter-textual allusion to Milton’s â€Å"Paradise lost† as the monster is portrayed as benevolent and being capable of both compassion and love, similar to man before his expulsion from the Garden of Eden. â€Å"I ought to be thy Adam; but I am rather the fallen angel, whom thou drivest from joy for no misdeed† the biblical allusion to Adam and the Devil portray the monsters human elements as he is shown as compassionate, intelligent and munificent â€Å"I was benevolent and good, misery made me a fiend† contrasting Frankenstein who seems incapable of showing human emotion.Shelley uses the rivalry between Victor and his Creature to reflect the hostility between the devil and god in Milton’s epic poem â€Å"Paradise lost†, Shelley was influenced by her husbands writing on the poe m and used his general interpretation to present the antagonism between Frankenstein and his monster.Despite the different contexts of both Shelly’s Frankenstein and Scott’s Blade Runner, each texts reflects similar themes and a further knowledge and greater understanding of context enables the reader to hold a deeper appreciation of the texts. Both texts challenge our assumption that knowledge is beneficial and expose the physical and moral consequences of circumventing the natural order. However the two texts question our more primal practices as each they question to what extent our human nature has remained the same.

Choosing a Course Book Essay

Every teacher knows the students need a course book. It would seem that a course book is an essential element in any course, at any age, no matter how young or old the students are. Every teacher also knows it should be the best course book possible for those students. But what exactly is the best course book? So, how do we choose the course books we want use with our students? Choosing a course book is not a frivolous matter. When deciding on a course book for the students, we should be making an informed decision. It should be made based on analysis and knowledge. It shouldn’t be made lightly and we shouldn’t feel that ‘any old course book’ will do. Furthermore, we shouldn’t be coerced or bullied into choosing one course book over another, by anyone. Choose your course books based on a clear, detailed analysis of what it offers and what your students need. Many researchers have compiled checklists and guidelines for choosing appropriate course books for different students. Some are more detailed and some are less so, but all deal with more or less the same issues. It is very important to know what to look for when choosing a book. Before choosing a course book for the students in any course, it is important to create a needs-analysis for your own students. What will the students need to know by the end of the course or school year? Once the needs-analysis is done, it’s a good idea to create a list of items that you consider desirable in a course book. Based on these lists, any course book can then be analyzed. Below are a few basic questions (to help get you started) that should be asked when we are in the process of choosing a course book for our classes and our students.

Biology

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Journal entry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Journal entry - Essay Example Prior to composing poems and children books, Donald Hall was a teacher; he did not enjoy the job especially when marking the papers of the students. He quit the teaching job to become a poet (Hall 348). Donald Hall provided insufficient information as to how he became a poet. How did he learn that he would enjoy spending the rest of his time at home, writing poems and children books? In addition, he also failed to recognize that it requires a talent for one to be a poet or writer. Not all people are blessed on the same level, and Donald Hall was a gifted individual since he enjoyed writing poems and was gifted in the sector. Through the poems, people were inspired and motivated to change their ways. Nonetheless, not everyone has the capability of using personal interest to earn a living (Hall 349). Therefore, people are forced to work in areas of less interest, to fulfill life’s goals. This has led to a number of people complaining about their careers. Donald Hall could have d iscussed further, how an individual could be able to discover personal interest that could be useful throughout their

Social Media and Academics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Social Media and Academics - Essay Example New media technology is highly associated with the transfer of information that is designated to be manipulated in some way. There are basic traits that are common to all forms of new media technology that confirm that social media is a form of new media. First, all forms of new media technology can be utilized in nearly all the markets across the world, that is, they are not bound or limited to any geographical factor such as distance. New media technologies also have the great level and speed of communication, which is attributed to the fact that they highly utilize the internet. Thirdly, the high level of interactivity enables the users to adopt new methodologies while they are transferring their own information. Fourthly, the new media technologies can incorporate other forms of communication such as telephony and video, which were previously isolated by old media (Leah and Sonia, 2002). Based on this traits, it is correct to assert that social media is a form of new media since the studies by Neal (2012), equally stated that various social media sites have the traits listed above. Social media sites The discussion in this present study will be referring to social media sites such as Facebook, which is the world’s most popular social media sites, followed by Twitter. LinkedIn is a popular social networking site mainly for businesspersons and professional while academia.edu is a social networking site for researchers and academicians. Other popular social media networking sites with mixed capabilities include MySpace, Google Plus, and Tagged, among others. According to Leah and Sonia (2002), one of the most critical features of these social media sites is interactivity. In this regard, the authors stated that social media technologies have the capacity to enable user-to-user interactivity and interactivity between the information and the user. This statement tends to prove that social media has brought about a paradigm shift that existed in the tradit ional model of communication which was â€Å"one-to-many† i.e. mass media communication. However, social media has enabled communicated to be conducted via the approach of â€Å"many to many† communication i.e. individualization media. Oliver (2007) further stated that interactivity option in most social media sites has so far been enabled by media convergence, the digitalization of media and dissemination of internet access points. The interactive capabilities of social media sites enable it to be applied for various uses that include socialization, educational, marketing, and a medium of communication. How social media is linked to academics As it has been noted above social media, has great capabilities of improving the interactivity between users and therefore, from an academic's perspective Joosten (2012), stated that it has recently been integrated into the online learning or e-learning platform, whereby besides using the official e-learning websites, the teacher s and learners also interact with each other via social media sites. In the writings by Wankel (2011), he stated that social media has created a link with academics since learners have developed their own links or pages whereby they interact and share notes as well as ideas that pertain to their learning process.